Innovation is often thought of as an immediate breakthrough, but in many cases, groundbreaking developments are actually the culmination of years of work. But innovation is worth waiting for. It can truly change the customer experience, forever - sometimes even inspire the competition. That goes for every product from cars, financial products, smartphones and televisions.
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When it comes to innovation, patience and perseverance pay off. In LGs experience, this has certainly been the case with its television technology - and its OLED panels in particular - where the company has become the market leader.
OLED, in case youre wondering, stands for organic light-emitting diode. In simple terms, this means that every single pixel that makes up the picture illuminates. When the television is switched on, millions of thin, flexible and incredibly small diodes light up to create a viewing experience like no other.
This technology, which LG has been refining for years, delivers an altogether superior picture than LED and LCD displays. With striking contrast that shows perfect blacks, realistic colors and the potential for flexibility and thinness beyond imagination, LG's OLED TV is an example of persistent innovation at its finest.
OLED panels are made from organic materials that emit light when electricity is applied through them. Since OLEDs do not require a backlight and filters (like LCD displays do), they are more efficient, simpler to make, and much thinner - and in fact can be made flexible and even rollable. OLED displays are used in TVs, smartphones, tablets, laptops, smartwatches and more.
OLEDs have a great picture quality - brilliant colors, infinite contrast, fast response rate and wide viewing angles. OLEDs can also be used to make OLED lighting - thin, efficient and without any bad metals.
You can read more about OLED displays their advantages in our OLED introduction page.
The main component in an OLED display is the OLED emitter - an organic (carbon-based) material that emits light when electricity is applied. The basic structure of an OLED is an emissive layer sandwiched between a cathode (which injects electrons) and an anode (which removes electrons).
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OLED device structure
Modern OLED devices use many more layers in order to make them more efficient and durable, but the basic functionality remains the same.
An OLED panel itself is made from a substrate, backplane (electronics - the driver), frontplane (the organic materials and electrodes as explained above) and an encapsulation layer. OLEDs are very sensitive to oxygen and moisture and so the encapsulation layer is critical.
The substrate and backplane of an OLED display are similar to those of an LCD display, but the front plane deposition is unique to OLEDs. There are several ways to deposit and pattern the organic layers. Currently most OLED displays are made using vacuum evaporation, using a Shadow Mask (FMM, Fine Metal Mask) to pattern. This is a relatively simple method but it is inefficient (a lot of material is wasted) and very difficult to scale up to large substrates.
Some OLED materials are soluble, and these can be deposited using printing methods - mostly ink-jet printing. OLED makers hope that ink-jet printing may be a scalable, efficient and cheap way to deposit OLEDs. There is a next-generation OLED deposition technology referred to as maskless-production (usually based on photolithography) that seems to be of high interest.
These terms relate to the driving method of the OLED display. A PMOLED (Passive-Matrix OLED) is limited in size and resolution (usually maximum resolution is around 128x128), but is cheaper and easier to make compared to an AMOLED (which uses an Active-Matrix). An AMOLED uses an active-matrix TFT array and storage capacitors. While these displays are more efficient and can be made large, they are also more complicated to make.
PMOLED displays are used in small devices or secondary displays while AMOLEDs are used in smartphones, smartwatches, tablets, laptops and TVs. Here's more information about the difference between PMOLED and AMOLED.
The are still many challenges facing the OLED industry. Here's a list of some of the major ones:
OLED panels are being produced by several companies, led by Samsung Display, LG Display, BOE and others. around a billion OLED panels are produced annually (with capacity growing all the time), mostly for smartphones, TVs, wearables, IT devices and more. You can see a list of gadgets with OLEDs here.
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