Every animal has unique characteristics that make it different from other animals. A giraffe has long legs and a really long neck. A rhinoceros has a large horn on the front of its face. A tiger is a huge cat with stripes, and a zebra looks like a horse with stripes. The camel, however, is known for its large hump. Which brings us to the question, why do camels have humps anyway? What is the function of their hump? Does it really hold water? Keep reading to learn more.
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One of the camels most distinctive features is its hump. In this post, well study the camels hump and explore its role in the camels bodily processes. What is the humps purpose? Although theyre handy for riders to hang onto as they travel to faraway lands, there must be a better reason for camels to have them.
The camels hump is where the camel stores fat. Camels use this fat for energy when and where food is hard to find. People who buy and sell camels even use the size of the camels hump to determine how healthy the camel is. The bigger the hump, the healthier the camel. A well-fed camels hump wont droop or look deflated.
A camels hump is filled with incredibly nutritious fat reserves. In fact, one tablespoon of camel fat has three times the oleic acid (a very healthy omega-9 fatty acid) as that of coconut oil. This makes it a very efficient and powerful fuel source for the camel.
The temperature in the desert can be extremely hot during the day (up to 120 degrees Fahrenheit) and freezing cold at night (down to minus 20 degrees Fahrenheit). The fatty tissue in the camels hump provides insulation and protection in these temperature extremes, thereby helping the camel to regulate its own body temperature.
Some people believe water is stored in the camels hump, making it possible for camels to travel so far without drinking water. Although camels do have a few tricks to make the most of the water they drink, storing it in their humps is not one of them.
Camels have been convenient pack animals, carrying heavy loads across the Gobi Desert and the expansive Sahara Desert. This has earned them the title of ships of the desert. It has also led to certain cultures and legends explaining that the camels hump contained water because the camel could survive without water in very harsh conditions.
So, if camels dont store water in their humps, how do they cope so well when water is scarce? They can, in fact, walk for days on end in the hot, arid desert weather without any food and go for a week or more without water. This is possible because the camel has adapted so well to its environment.
A thirsty camel can drink as much as 32 gallons of water in as little as 15 minutes. The Wild Bactrian camel can even survive on saltwater!
A camels body has evolved to efficiently use its water stores and make them last as long as possible. It does this by:
Did you know that the word camel means beauty in Arabic? Their long, elegant eyelashes do give camels amazingly beautiful eyes; however, they use their eyelashes, their thick eyebrows and their eyelids to help keep sand out of their eyes. A camel has three eyelids, two of which have eyelashes. The third eyelid moves from side to side rather than up and down like the other two. It is also clear. So, when the sand is blowing, the third lid remains closed to protect the camels eyes and allow it to see.
As you can see, the camel has many ways to conserve water which means that it doesnt need to store it in its hump.
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There are three species of camel. The Arabian camel or the Dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) is the most common type and has only one hump. Wild camels or the Wild Bactrian camel (Camelus ferus) and the domesticated Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) have two humps. Despite having two humps, both species of Bactrian camels cannot go any longer without food than the Dromedary.
Dromedary camels are generally found in arid regions of the Middle East, Africa and northern India, particularly in the Sahara Desert. The Australian deserts are home to a large feral population of Dromedaries.
The main habitat of the critically endangered Wild Bactrian camel is southern Mongolia and northern China. Domesticated Bactrians, also known as Mongolian camels, are located in Central Asia.
Although there arent any camels in South America, there are camelids a species of animals closely related to camels. Camelids in South America include the llama, alpaca, vicuña and guanaco.
During the last part of the ice age, evidence shows that early camels originally lived in most of North America, including the western United States, southwestern Canada and central Mexico. After making their way to the Yukon and Alaska, camels continued their migration to Eurasia over the Bering Strait. Today the native habitat of camels is the Middle East and some parts of Central Asia.
Camels gradually developed a hump and thick fur to help them survive the icy Arctic winters. Modern scientists believe the camels hump and shaggy coat help it regulate its body temperature. You see, a camels hump is used for fat storage. Most animals store fat around their stomachs and sides, just like us humans. Camels, however, pack on the pounds vertically in their humps.
A camels typical diet consists of dry grasses, foliage and desert vegetation. Their thick lips allow them to eat thorny plants found in deserts. When food is widely available, camels eat a lot. A hump develops as fat accumulates. A full hump can weigh as much as 80 pounds. Thats a lot of fat, but it helps them go for long periods of time without food even up to four or five months. As they use up these fat stores, the hump begins to deflate like a balloon thats losing air until it becomes limp and floppy.
Baby camels arent born with humps. In fact, they dont begin to develop humps until theyre ten to twelve months old after theyre weaned and have started eating solid food. Its important for young camels to develop a hump during the first twelve months of life so that they have the stores needed to make it through their first dry season.
There are a couple of theories as to why camels store fat in humps rather than around their middles. Belly fat would make it more difficult for them to lie down directly on their stomachs, which is how they lie down. Another theory is that the fat stored on top of the camels body insulates it and protects it from the heat of sunlight.
Camels are not the only animals with humps. Other animals that have humps include bison, moose, rhinoceros, llamas and giraffes. Many of these animals have humps because they need extra vertebrae and muscles to assist them in holding up their massive heads, whereas the purpose of a camels hump is to store fat.
People living in the desert depend on the camels for many purposes including:
Camels are powerful and capable animals. Without them, people would have found it very difficult, if not impossible, to travel and carry goods across the harsh terrains of the desert.
Fortunately, you dont have to travel to the desert to see a camel. You can visit one of our parks in Pine Mountain, Georgia; Stafford, Missouri; and Bryan-College Station, Texas, and judge for yourself how healthy our camels are by looking at their humps.
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