Solar batteries are becoming more popular &#; and beneficial &#; as utility providers adopt time-of-use rates, grid outages increase, and homeowners increase their appetite for clean energy.
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But as a new technology, there are a number of questions surrounding home battery storage. One of the bigger questions is how long solar batteries will last before they need to be replaced. After all, it&#;s only natural (and wise) to want a sense of how long your multi-thousand-dollar battery investment is going to last.
In this article, we&#;ll explore:
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The lithium-ion solar batteries being made today have an expected operational lifespan of 10 to 15 years, depending on the model, chemistry, usage, and the average temperature of the unit.
However, home battery storage doesn&#;t simply shut down after a certain length of time. Like solar panels, battery performance naturally degrades over time until it reaches a point where it is no longer useful or recommended to continue operating. For example, modern solar battery warranties typically guarantee 70% of nameplate capacity after 10-12 years or a certain number of cycles or throughput. That means a 10 kWh battery should still have 7 kWh of usable capacity when the warranty expires &#; which is still a substantial amount of storage, but not quite the 10 kWh you originally decided upon.
Historically, manufacturer&#;s warranties tend to be on the conservative side, so it&#;s plausible that today&#;s solar batteries will last longer than expected (as EV batteries have been), but we simply won&#;t know until real-world results roll in over the next 10-15 years.
There are five main factors that influence the lifespan of a lithium-ion solar battery. These are:
Let&#;s take a closer look at each factor.
Perhaps the biggest factor in determining the lifespan of a solar battery is its chemical composition. For example, the lithium-ion batteries that make up a majority of today&#;s residential solar battery market have an expected operational lifespan of 10-15 years, while the lead-acid batteries that dominated the market in previous decades were expected to last around 5 years.
Looking ahead, emerging flow battery technologies that have yet to hit the residential market may have lifespans of up to 30 years.
Battery type Cycles before degradation Operational lifespan Lithium-ion (non-LFP) 500 to 1,000 10+ years Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) 1,000 to 10,000 10-15 Lead-acid 500 to 1,000 ~5 yearsSince lithium-ion batteries dominate today&#;s market, let&#;s take a closer look at how long they last.
Related reading: Types of Solar Batteries A Comprehensive Guide
In general, lithium-ion solar batteries have an expected operational lifespan of 10-15 years. However, there are lifespan differences within the greater category of &#;lithium-ion&#; batteries.
For example, a National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) study published in Applied Energy found that the lifespan of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries is less affected by high temperature and depth of discharge (how far you drain the battery&#;s capacity at one time) than lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) batteries. Meanwhile, the lifespan of NMC batteries is less impacted by a high average state of charge (keeping your battery fully charged for prolonged periods of time) than LFP batteries.
All of that is to say that the type of battery you choose &#; even within the category of lithium-ion &#; has a substantial impact on how long it will last.
Another major factor in battery lifespan is how you use it. This includes how often you charge and discharge your battery, the depth of discharge, and the average state of charge.
There are three basic battery usage modes &#; self-consumption, time-of-use, and backup &#; each with a unique impact on battery life. The table below provides a summary of each mode and its impact on battery life.
Battery mode Features Impact on NMC lifespan Impact on LFP lifespan Self-consumptionSelf-consumption mode is when battery storage is used exclusively to store power from a home solar system and discharge it to power the home itself, with the goal of avoiding interaction with the grid altogether. The battery starts the day with a minimum charge, charges to 100% using excess solar generation throughout the day, and then discharges as much as possible during the evening and night.
Given the frequent and deep discharge cycles, self-consumption mode can substantially reduce the lifespan of an NMC lithium-ion battery but has minimal effect on the lifespan of LFP batteries that tolerate greater depth of discharge (often 100%).
Time-of-use mode is similar to self-consumption mode, however, instead of leaving the battery at a low state of charge overnight, the battery is charged using grid electricity during off-peak rate periods and therefore maintains a high average state of charge.
According to the NREL analysis of residential batteries, the high average state of charge in time-of-use mode contributes to faster degradation and shorter lifespans, especially in small NMC batteries.
In backup mode, the battery&#;s primary purpose is to power essential systems when the grid goes down. As such, batteries in backup mode remain at a relatively high average state of charge, perform infrequent charge and discharge cycles, and enjoy longer lifespans than batteries in self-consumption and time-of-use modes.
According to the NREL study, NMC lithium-ion batteries fare especially well in backup mode given their tolerance to maintaining a high state of charge.
To recap, how you use your solar battery is a major factor in how long it lasts. Connect with an Energy Advisor to discuss the best battery option for your goals.
Environmental conditions &#; specifically temperature &#; play a crucial role in determining how long a solar battery will last. The NREL studied the effect of ambient temperature on residential solar batteries in and found:
&#;In all the simulation cases &#; a lower cell temperature improves battery life to varying degrees, whereas a higher temperature degrades the cell much faster. For example, the lower Minneapolis temperature allows the (smaller nickel manganese cobalt oxide battery) to operate for more than 10 years before reaching 80% of its initial capacity.&#;
Image via NREL.
Key takeaways regarding temperature and solar battery life:
Another factor in battery life is its manufacturer and model, although this generally has less influence than chemistry, usage, and temperature.
As with most products, you get what you pay for with solar batteries. Name-brand batteries tend to cost a bit more upfront but make up for it with longer lifespans and stronger warranties. The same concept applies to installation. An experienced and certified battery installer may charge a bit more, but a properly installed solar battery will last much longer than a poorly installed one.
The model or generation of the battery also makes a difference (much like the battery life of iPhones improving with each new model).
For example, Enphase offers a 10-year warranty on its second-generation IQ 3&#;s and 10&#;s and a 15-year warranty on its third-generation IQ 5P. So, in a matter of one generation and a few years, Enphase felt comfortable increasing its warranty length by 5 years and 2,000 cycles.
And that brings us to the next indicator of solar battery life: Manufacturer warranties. Battery warranties guarantee a certain level of usable capacity after a specific time period, number of cycles, or total energy throughput.
While these are not hard-and-fast indicators of battery life, they provide hints as to which batteries are expected to last the longest.
Of course, it&#;s always a good idea to read the entire warranty agreement so you know exactly what is covered. For example, Tesla offers an unlimited cycle warranty on its Powerwall 2, however, the warranty states:
&#;If you only use your Powerwall for self-consumption of solar energy generated by an onsite array and for storing that solar energy for use as backup power, there is no limit on the number of times that you can cycle your battery in this ten year period.&#;
This seems to imply that charging a Powerwall 2 from the grid in time-of-use mode (which the NREL found to substantially decrease capacity in NMC batteries like the Powerwall) is not covered by the unlimited cycles warranty &#; which is important to know before you finalize your battery purchase.
Lithium-ion solar batteries famously require very little maintenance. In fact, there&#;s virtually no hands-on maintenance required unless you notice an issue with the battery&#;s appearance or performance, in which case all repairs should be done by a trained and certified technician.
However, as a homeowner, you can contribute to a long battery life by keeping an eye on your battery&#;s health.
The sooner you can identify and correct battery issues, the longer your battery will last.
There are a few ways to extend the life of your solar battery, most of which take place before the battery is even installed.
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First, choose the right size and type of battery for your intended use. For example, the NREL found that LFP batteries maintain capacity longer in self-consumption and time-of-use modes, while NMC lithium-ion batteries maintain capacity longer in backup mode.
The NREL also found that &#;battery life can be extended by oversizing the battery and cycling it within a narrower (state of charge) window.&#; So, a 10 kWh battery that regularly discharges 60% can be expected to last longer than a 6 kWh battery that regularly discharges 100%.
Next, site your battery in a temperature-controlled environment. Extreme heat and cold (but especially heat) can substantially impact battery life. At a minimum, have your battery installed out of direct sunlight if you live in a warmer climate.
Third, adhere to manufacturer recommendations for depth of discharge. If your manufacturer lists a 90% maximum depth of discharge, then always keep your battery charged to at least 10% capacity.
Finally, regularly monitor your battery&#;s performance. Most lithium-ion batteries are Wi-Fi enabled and come with mobile apps to monitor performance. Get comfortable with this software and your battery&#;s typical performance so you can quickly identify and correct issues.
With solar panels warrantied for 25-30 years and batteries warrantied for 10-15, there will likely come a time when you need to supplement or replace your battery storage.
Exactly when this day comes depends on your energy needs and the factors described above. However, one thing is certain: When it&#;s time to supplement your energy storage in 10-15 years, solar batteries will be a fraction of the price they are today. And the more you maximize the lifespan of your current battery, the less money your next battery will cost.
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Solar storage systems offer valuable benefits to solar owners, from providing essential power during outages to strategically reducing demand charges and lowering electric bills. These systems store surplus solar energy generated during peak times, making it readily available when needed the most. By harnessing this energy, solar batteries not only ensure a continuous power supply during grid disruptions but also contribute to a more sustainable and eco-friendly energy consumption.
However, it is important to know that investing in solar batteries requires an upfront cost. The initial financial investment may vary depending on factors such as the size of the battery system, brand, and technology used. Despite this upfront expense, it is essential to recognize the long-term advantages, including potential savings on electricity bills and increased energy independence.
Before proceeding with the installation, it is important to have a clear understanding of their lifespan and replacement frequency. The longevity of solar batteries depends on various factors, including the type of battery chemistry, usage patterns, maintenance, and environmental conditions.
In this blog, we&#;ll take a look at the lifespan of solar batteries and explore the key factors that influence their longevity, helping you make an informed decision about adopting this technology. With a deeper understanding of solar battery systems, you can maximize the benefits of your solar energy investment while contributing to a greener and more sustainable future.
When it comes to the life expectancy of a solar battery, it's crucial to understand that most available options typically last between five to fifteen years. Although this period is indeed considerable, it's essential to consider that within the broader context of your solar system's lifespan, which often spans 25 to 30+ years, replacement might be necessary. Understanding the factors influencing the longevity of these batteries can help you make informed decisions about your solar investment and ensure optimal performance over the years.
The lifespan of solar batteries varies for several reasons, prompting curiosity about the key influencing factors. Notably, the type of battery you select, the frequency of its usage, and the conditions in which it is stored significantly impact its overall durability. By understanding these pivotal aspects, you can make well-informed decisions when choosing a solar battery, ensuring optimal performance and prolonged usability for your energy storage system.
How Often You Use the Batteries
You may have noticed that over time, the battery life of your laptop or smartphone reduces, resulting in less time between charges. Initially, a fully charged battery might have lasted 12 hours, but now, it lasts only three hours.
This decrease in battery performance is common in various batteries. The more you charge and discharge the battery, the shorter its overall lifespan becomes. After many charging cycles, batteries lose their ability to store and release energy effectively, making them less useful.
As a result, the lifespan of batteries can vary greatly. It depends on how often each solar owner uses them; not just how many years have passed since installation. Batteries used nightly in an off-grid system won't last as long as those used occasionally in a grid-tied system, only during power outages.
To help your batteries last longer, pay attention to the manufacturer's recommended Depth of Discharge (DoD). DoD is the percentage of stored energy you use from the battery. For example, if your battery's capacity is 13.5 kWh, and you use 10 kWh of its charge, the DoD would be 74%.
Following the manufacturer's recommended DoD is crucial, as pushing your battery beyond its limits can significantly shorten its lifespan. Manufacturers provide specific maximum DoD values for each battery type, and adhering to these guidelines helps optimize battery performance and extends their usable life.
Additionally, regular maintenance and appropriate storage conditions can further enhance the longevity of your solar batteries. Proper care, along with mindful usage practices, ensures that your solar storage system remains reliable and efficient, providing you with uninterrupted access to stored energy when you need it most.
What Type of Battery You Install
Solar storage systems commonly utilize three types of batteries: lead-acid, lithium-ion, and saltwater. Among these options, lithium-ion batteries offer the longest lifespan and excellent storage capacity, although they may come with a higher upfront cost compared to other alternatives.
The investment in lithium-ion batteries is justified due to their anticipated cycle length, which is several times longer than the other options. Although they might be initially more expensive, their extended durability can lead to cost savings in replacement expenses over time. Furthermore, lithium-ion batteries boast a high Depth of Discharge (DoD) rate, often reaching up to 80%, allowing you to utilize more of your stored energy without causing damage to the battery.
Lead-acid batteries are another popular choice, particularly in off-grid solar systems, as they have traditionally offered a combination of relatively low prices and high watt-hour capacity. However, compared to lithium-ion batteries, they have a much shorter lifespan due to their limited cycle count.
Moreover, lead-acid batteries have a lower DoD rate, typically ranging between 30% and 50%, meaning you can only access a portion of the stored energy. While they may be more budget-friendly at the outset, the need for more frequent replacements can lead to higher long-term costs.
Saltwater batteries, a newer addition to the market, utilize salt instead of corrosive materials for energy storage and discharge, making them environmentally safe and easily recyclable. While they might last longer than lead-acid batteries, their lifespan is generally shorter than lithium-ion batteries. Similar to lithium-ion batteries, saltwater batteries often offer relatively high DoD rates.
When choosing a solar battery, it is essential to consider the warranty provided by the manufacturer. Many manufacturers offer guarantees based on the number of cycles or a specific time period, ensuring you are protected from potential product issues. By carefully assessing these battery options and warranties, you can make an informed decision that aligns with your energy storage needs and budget requirements.
The Environment in Which the Batteries are Stored
Battery storage systems are sensitive to temperature extremes, making it crucial to consider suitable storage conditions to maximize their lifespan and performance. Extreme heat or cold can have adverse effects on battery longevity and efficiency.
In warmer temperatures, the chemical reactions inside batteries occur more rapidly, leading to increased wear and tear and ultimately reducing the battery's lifespan. Conversely, in extremely cold conditions, the movement of electrons slows down, affecting the chemical processes and causing the battery to drain faster.
Lead-acid batteries are more temperature-sensitive compared to lithium-ion batteries. Manufacturers typically recommend keeping lead-acid batteries within a temperature range of 40°F to 80°F (4.4°C to 26.7°C). On the other hand, lithium-ion batteries can tolerate temperatures slightly below 0°F (-17.8°C) and as high as 140°F (60°C). Nevertheless, it is advisable to store both types of batteries in a more temperate environment for optimal performance and longevity.
Saltwater batteries have a slightly broader operating temperature range, performing best between approximately 23°F to 104°F (-5°C to 40°C), giving them a slight edge over lead-acid batteries in terms of temperature tolerance. However, they still do not match the resilience of lithium-ion batteries, which can handle a wider range of temperatures
To ensure your battery storage system's longevity and efficiency, consider storing the batteries in a garage, basement, or temperature-controlled area, away from harsh elements. Maintaining a suitable environment can protect the batteries from extreme temperature-related stress and extend their overall lifespan.
Solar panels generally boast a longer lifespan compared to solar batteries. Solar panels can last between 20 to 30 years, while a lithium-ion solar battery typically offers a lifespan of up to 15 years.
This contrast highlights two essential considerations: firstly, the significance of selecting a durable and high-quality battery with a strong cycle life and a proven track record of reliability; secondly, the installation process holds paramount importance. The choice of installer, installation techniques, and the battery's location all contribute significantly to its overall longevity.
Given that solar panels outlast solar batteries, it becomes crucial to maximize every year of use from the battery. Therefore, investing in a dependable and long-lasting battery, along with ensuring a meticulous installation process, will help you get the most out of your solar energy storage system. By making informed choices and seeking professional expertise, you can ensure that your solar battery serves you optimally throughout its operational life.
When choosing a solar battery, its lifespan becomes a crucial factor. It directly impacts how long the battery will serve you and how well it performs over time. To make the best choice, consider the battery's reliability and efficiency over the years. Look for valuable data from trusted sources like the Battery Test Centre, which provides insights into various battery options. Don't forget to check the battery's spec sheet for essential details about its cycle life and design.
Another critical aspect to consider is the battery's warranty. A warranty lasting fewer than 10 years may raise concerns about the battery's durability and reliability over the long haul. Opting for a battery with a more extended warranty shows the manufacturer's confidence in its performance over time, giving you peace of mind.
Taking the time to assess the projected lifespan, historical data, and warranty of solar batteries empowers you to make an informed and wise decision. By choosing a reliable and long-lasting battery, you can ensure your solar energy storage system serves you efficiently for many years. This careful evaluation will lead to a sustainable and cost-effective energy solution, providing both confidence and potential savings in the long run.
With a lifespan ranging from five to fifteen years, solar batteries may require replacement at least once during the 25- or 30-year duration of your solar system. However, taking the necessary steps to care for your battery properly, along with choosing high-quality products backed by reliable manufacturer guarantees, and installing the battery in a climate-controlled environment, can significantly extend its longevity.
While the affordability of solar batteries has improved in recent years, they still represent a considerable investment. At Forme Solar, we prioritize assisting you in making the right decision to meet your unique energy goals. Whether you are interested in a battery backup system to enhance your solar energy usage, store excess power, or ensure a reliable power supply during outages, we are here to guide you.
Our team of experts is ready to help you find the best solar storage solution tailored to your needs. By choosing Forme Solar, you can rest assured that you'll receive top-notch service and high-quality products. We aim to empower you with lasting peace of mind, energy independence, and a sustainable future. If you're considering a solar battery system or have any questions, don't hesitate to reach out to us using the button below. We look forward to working with you to achieve your solar energy aspirations.
If you are looking for more details, kindly visit What’s a Sealed Lead-Acid Battery.