What is the function of metal oxide film resistor?

30 Dec.,2024

 

What is the function of metal oxide film resistor?

Metal Oxide Film Resistors are widely used in various electronic circuits due to their excellent stability, reliability, and precision. These resistors are made from a thin film of metal oxide, such as tin oxide, deposited on a ceramic substrate. The metal oxide film resistor has several key functions that make it an essential component in electronic devices.

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High Precision and Stability

One of the primary functions of metal oxide film resistors is to provide precise and stable resistance values over time and temperature variations. These resistors have a tight tolerance, typically ranging from 1% to 5%, making them ideal for applications that require high accuracy. The metal oxide film also has a low temperature coefficient, meaning that the resistance value changes minimally with temperature fluctuations. This ensures that the resistance remains consistent even in harsh operating conditions.

 

 

Low Noise and Low Inductance

Metal oxide film resistors are known for their low noise and low inductance characteristics, which are crucial in applications where signal integrity is essential. The metal oxide film offers a smooth and uniform surface that reduces noise and interference in sensitive circuits. Additionally, the low inductance of the resistor helps minimize electromagnetic interference, making it suitable for high-frequency applications.

Excellent Power Handling Capacity

Another important function of metal oxide film resistors is their excellent power handling capacity. These resistors can dissipate a significant amount of power without compromising their performance or reliability. The metal oxide film acts as a heat sink, effectively dissipating heat generated during operation. This ensures that the resistor remains stable and accurate even under high power conditions, making it suitable for demanding applications.

Wide Operating Temperature Range

Metal oxide film resistors have a wide operating temperature range, typically from -55°C to 175°C, making them suitable for a variety of environmental conditions. The ceramic substrate provides thermal stability, allowing the resistor to maintain its performance even in extreme temperatures. This broad temperature range makes metal oxide film resistors ideal for aerospace, automotive, and industrial applications where temperature fluctuations are common.

Conclusion

In conclusion, metal oxide film resistors play a crucial role in electronic circuits by providing precise resistance values, low noise, low inductance, excellent power handling capacity, and wide temperature range. These resistors are essential components in various electronic devices, ensuring reliable and stable operation in a wide range of applications.

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Metal-oxide film resistors and power applications

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Those articles you are seeing are speaking from an implicit contexts, and everything is relative. There are many degrees of freedom.

For example:

  • thin film resistors are not suitable for pulse power
  • thick film resistors are more suitable for pulse power than thin film
  • but thick film is still pretty crummy so you could go even farther say film resistors (both thin and thick film) in general are not suitable for pulse power compared to other bulk element resistors
  • SMD components are not suitable for pulse power ("SMD" here might refer to chip components but there are components that are surface mount that are not chip and can handle pulse power just fine, like MELF)
  • but there are double-sided SMD components with a film on both sides for increased surface area which are more suitable for pulse power than single-sided SMD components, but still not as suitable as MELF (or axial) where the trace can be printed around the entire surface area of the component
  • axial and MELF (which are also an surface mount component, by the way) components are suitable for pulse power
  • metal oxide film is not suitable for pulse power
  • carbon is suitable for pulse power and could be carbon composition or carbon film (NOTE: I fairly certain this is not carbon thin film and that there is no such thing as carbon thin film).
  • carbon film is less suitable for pulse power than carbon composition, because it is pure carbon and must be printed and therefore cannot be a bulk material like carbon composition. But the fact it is pure carbon means it is much more controllable and stable than carbon (mixed) composition

So what does that mean? It means the following for pulse powering capability (is not quite the same as high temperature cycling stability, and nothing to do with other performance metrics such as tolerance or noise):

  • Carbon composition > carbon film > metal oxide thick film > metal oxide thin film
  • axial/MELF > double-sided SMD > single-sided SMD

But you can mix and match material with construction. So you can end up with a metal-oxide film on an axial/MELF body that might be more suitable for pulse power than carbon film on a single-sided SMD component.

Usually these articles are speaking only in a limited scope or context so will shorten their wording.

It can be difficult to tell when an article is actually referring exclusively to thin film SMD of if they actually mean all thin film when they say "thin film".

It can be difficult to tell whether an article is referring exclusively to chip components or to all surface-mounted components (such as MELF) when it says "SMD component".

The article could also be speaking from the point of view of a component manufacturer. For example, if you were making resistors it might be optimal in terms of pulse power to use carbon composition, which would be fine if that was all you cared about, but you sacrifice accuracy, noise, and cost. So you might instead choose to go with carbon film for more stability and lower tolerances and design your way around the deficiencies compared to carbon composition. Or you might decide to cut costs even more and go with metal oxide film and design your way around it the deficiencies in the material.

Or it might just be impossible to make a wirewound resistor with sufficiently high resistance so you need to go with metal oxide film, as is the case in your quote. You could go with carbon, but you might not need to and it probably costs more in terms of tooling, etc.