Even if you are using a brand new -Watt metal halide bulb, there is a second factor that contributes to lumen loss and that is the need to use a reflector to focus light. When light is created by an omnidirectional bulb, like a metal halide, it needs reflectors to gather, collect, and focus the light so it can be directed to where it&#;s needed.
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If a light lumen does more than one bounce inside the reflector, it essentially loses its effectiveness. Reflector design is a science. The better it&#;s designed, the fewer lumens are lost inside the fixture. A metal halide bulb can lose up to 30% of its light in the reflected light bounce.
LED light is directional. It does not need reflectors. Sometimes LED lights incorporate optics to distribute the light in a specific pattern. This can also cause a lumen drop, but it&#;s nowhere near the lumen loss metal halide suffers from reflective bounce loss.
To put this in real numbers, a brand new 100,000-lumen Metal Halide Bulb may only be producing 70,000 actual lumens when installed in a fixture.
Make sure you understand the difference between metal halide bulb lumens and metal halide fixture lumens.
There are already plenty of things to consider when replacing metal halides with LEDs, and we&#;re about to give you one more. In addition to knowing that LEDs produce a more consistent shine without loss of lumens due to reflection, you should also know that LEDs produce a much higher quality of light. How do we know that?
In order to determine the quality of lumens, lighting engineers use something called the Color Rendering Index, or CRI. LEDs are available in a wide range of CRIs, starting at about 70 with an upper end of about 98. Metal Halide is actually not that bad, they are offered in a range from 60 to 90. LED and Metal Halide really shine when compared to High-Pressure Sodium, which has a CRI of about 22. CRI matters. In essence, you need fewer lumens when you have higher quality.
Photopic lumens are light that is detected by a light-measuring device, like a light meter or camera. Scotopic lumens are light detectable by the human eye.
Why is this relevant? Well, LEDs produce predominantly Scotopic lumens. In fact, it&#;s extremely rare for LEDs to produce any light in invisible spectrums, like UV or IR, unless LED Chips were added to create those spectrums. This is not the case with other types of lighting technologies, like metal halide.
In the lighting industry, S/P ratios were developed to try and level the lighting playing field. Let&#;s study 2 bulbs: a -Watt High Pressure Sodium bulb that produces 100,000 lumens and High Bay LED Lights that produce 45,000 lumens. When you install both fixtures, the area under the LED light appears brighter. But how can that be? 100,000 is 2X + more lumens than 45,000. That&#;s where S/P ratios come in.
Using these same bulbs, scientists have assigned S/P Ratios to each bulb based on the quality of light they produce.
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LED S/P ratio 2.0 High Pressure Sodium S/P ratio 0.5The scotopic lumens supplied by each of the light sources will then be the following:
LED scotopic lumens = 45,000 lumens x 2.0 = 90,000 lumens HPS scotopic lumens = 100,000 lumens x 0.5 = 50,000 lumensThis is why LED appears brighter. Our eyes detect higher-quality light, and it appears brighter than low-quality light sources.
Essentially, a lumen is a unit of light. It&#;s the way in which we measure how bright light output is, and it&#;s how you&#;ll determine which LED light is the best w metal halide LED replacement.
LED Lumens are very directional, and are a high-quality light source. Our customers have told us that the areas they replace Metal Halide lighting with LED are brighter, even though the metal halide bulbs appear to produce more lumens.
A -Watt metal halide bulb has between 60,000 and 110,000 lumens output when it is brand new. This output will tend to decrease by 30% after about 5,000 hours of runtime.
You do not need to use Watts of LED to replace a -Watt Metal Halide. Don&#;t focus on watts, focus on the lumens you need to meet your lighting requirements.
In the above example, the metal halide bulb is operating between 60 and 100 lumens per watt. How do we know this? It&#;s a simple calculation of dividing the lumens of the bulb by the watts consumed.
If you haven&#;t noticed by now, there really isn&#;t an exact answer. Only a lighting plan can tell you exactly how much you need. Between higher CRI, lower energy consumption, and available color temperatures, replacing metal halide lights with LEDs can get a little bit complicated. But in our 12+ years of selling LED lighting, you can use this as a starting place:
Indoors 45,000 to 65,000 lumens (depending on the application and mounting height) Outdoors 40,000 to 75,000 lumens (depending on the application and mounting height)You&#;ll find that in some instances you can cut energy consumption by up to 75% when replacing a metal halide light. Most LEDs have an efficiency rating of about 130 &#; 200 lumens/watt.
New-generation LEDs tend to be more efficient than older chips. It&#;s a good indication of what you are buying &#; look at the efficiency of the LED fixture you are looking to buy.
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