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To make things clear let's define what we are talking about.
There are two terms which are mixed up pretty often:
The luminous efficiency is a dimensionless quantity which is derived from the luminous efficacy. It is simply the quotient of luminous efficacy of the source and maximum possible luminous efficacy of radiation.
This is the value you see more often. It usually has the unit of lumen per watt. And gives the luminous flux per power, which is a useful quantity to see how much light we will get with a given power.
With this we have to be a bit careful as well. Because the power can be the radiant flux of the source or the electrical power. So the former can be called luminous efficacy of radiation, and the latter luminous efficacy of a source or overall luminous efficacy.
Now the problem arises, that we cannot see all colors equally well. And lumens are actually weighted based on the response of our eye:
Public Domain, Link
So with this, you can create some values of upper bounds (based on the redefinition of the unit candela). This would be the luminous efficacy of radiation.
Which are:
For more see here.
If you lower the color rendering index (CRI), you can achieve higher values. But not higher than 683 lm/W.
So how efficient are LEDs?
Here we have values of luminous efficacy of a source.
Well there is a race of efficiency. Cree posted a press release with a laboratory LED of 303 lm/W at 5150K. The CRI was not mentioned, I guess it is lower than 95, but based on the data above that seems like it would have a luminous efficiency of something like 80% to 90%.
Of course your average available LED has less. 100 lm/W would be around 25% to 30% and the new 200 lm/W chips announced recently (as of August 2017) reach 50% to 60%.
Note that the above is for photopic vision (day-vision), things change with scotopic vision, but that's usually not so interesting.
If you really want to get into the guts of it, you'd have to take the spectrum of the LED and find out what the highest theoretical maximum for that spectrum is (based on the weighting curve) and then you can calculate the value.
As each and every LED has a different spectrum it is hard to get this data easily.
I hope I haven't made a mistake here, because I always find the topic a bit confusing no matter how many times I revisit it.
All these numbers! What's going on?
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Have you ever been looking for LED light strips and ran across the numbers 2835, 3825, or 5050?
These numbers are less mysterious than you might think.
First off, you might have seen the letters "SMD" preceding these enigmatic numbers. The abbreviation SMD refers to a 'Surface Mounted Device'. That means this is an LED Chip (device) mounted directly to a light strip, without using wires. This surface mounting technology is indeed what makes LED Light Strips possible. The numbers after the SMD simply refer to the physical size of the LED Chip. Take SMD 3528 for example, they are 3.5mm wide and 2.8mm long. Note that size is not proportional to output or performance, and it is not the only difference between LED chip types.
SMD 3528 Chips are perhaps the most common of all LED light strip chips. They are the least bright and least power-intensive of the three chips we use at HitLights, and are most commonly used for accent lighting, such as above kitchen cabinets and around the crown molding below the ceiling.
3528 chips used to be featured in our Luma5 strips, but those now primarily use lower output 2835 chips which offer the same brightness of 3528 chips but with greatly improved efficiency and lifespan. You can shop our selection of Luma5 strips here.
SMD 5050 Chips are just barely behind the 3528 chips in popularity. These chips are 5.0mm x 5.0mm. 5050 chips are typically 3 times as bright as 3528 chips. Because they're brighter, strips with 5050 chips are typically used for what we call 'task lighting', and commonly used underneath kitchen cabinets where that light will help you see what you're working on. 5050 strips are often also available in color changing styles, meaning that you can select any color you want with a remote or controller.
5050 chips used to be featured in our Luma10 strips, in both the single color and multicolor versions. You can shop our selection of Luma10 RGB 5050 kits here.
SMD 2835 Chips look very much like 3528 chips, but they use newer technology and are typically much more efficient. This means that for equivalent power, they can be much, much brighter. They're smaller than the 5050 chips (2.8mm x 3.5mm). They make the ultimate in task lighting and even work lighting.
High output 2835 chips are utilized in our Luma20 strips, which are the brightest (and most efficient) strips that we sell. You can shop our selection of Luma20 strips
here
.
Editor's note: As a final aside, while the Luma designations initially were associated with certain chip types (Luma5 was 3528, Luma10 was 5050, and Luma20 was 2835) with improvements in LED technology these designations quickly became invalid. Instead, our Luma designations should always refer to the number of lumens per chip - around 5 lumens per chip for Luma5, around 10 lumens per chip for Luma10, and around 20 lumens per chip for Luma20.
Now you should know the difference between the different types of LED chips on our strips.
Chip type is just one small factor in choosing the right LED light strip for your project - contact us to get support on lighting any project:
Talk to us about your project, we are happy to help answer any other questions you might have.
For more smd led vs cobinformation, please contact us. We will provide professional answers.