The cable is a physical media, through which an analog and digital data transfer take place.
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While selecting the cable, a type of data transfer, purpose, advantages, and disadvantages taken into consideration.
Types of CablesCables are classified as
Twisted pair cables consist of color-coded pairs of insulated copper wires, one wire carries the signal, and the other is used for ground reference. Every two wires are twisted around each other to form pairs that are encased in a plastic sheath each wire with a diameter of 0.4 mm to 0.8 mm.
The number of pairs varies depending on the cable type. More twists per foot in a pair of wires, less the cross talk.
The significance of twisting is it reduces or nullifies the interference such as noise or cross talk caused due to radiofrequency of electromagnetic interference.
By twisting the wires, the effect of noise or disturbance is the same on both wires. Since the receiver takes only the difference between the two wires the effective noise is canceled.
Twisted pair cables are two types.
Shielded Twisted Pair cable (STP)
As the name implies, Shielded twisted pair cable adds a conductive layer (typically a metal foil or a mesh) surrounding either each pair or entire cable.
Shield on twisted pair allows a higher transmission rate.
Un Shielded Twisted Pair cable (UTP)
Unshielded twisted pair cable uses no additional shielding like mesh or aluminum foil which adds bulk are used.
There are different types of unshielded twisted pair cable, all support different bandwidths.
Category 1: Is used for a line that has a low-speed data rate.
Category 2: It can support up to 4 Mbps.
Category 3: It can support up to 16 Mbps.
Category 4: It can support up to 20 Mbps.
Category 5: It can support up to 200 Mbps.
Untwisted pair cable is used for voice, low speed, and high-speed data and audio support systems.
Coaxial Cable
Coaxial cables are also called coax (short form).
Coaxial cable is a type of cable with multiple layers.
Coaxial cables have an inner conductor is called the core, which carries the radio frequency signal. The core wire may be a single solid conductor or multi strands of twisted cable. It is surrounded by a dielectric insulator.
The dielectric insulator separates the inner conductor and outer copper braided mesh. The dielectric insulator is covered by copper mesh (foil or braided conductor). The dielectric insulator may be polyethylene foam or PTFE which minimizes ohmic losses arising from contact with the conductors. Outer jacket is to protect the cable from environmental and mechanical damages. A common choice is PVC.
Both inner conductor and braided wire mesh conductor is in the cable share a common central axial, hence the term coaxial. Coaxial cables are rated in ohms for their impedance. Common impedances are 50 ohms, 75 ohms, 95 ohms.
There are many types of coaxial cable connectors.
Four are common. BNC, SMA, N, F types. Coaxial cables are categorized based on the type of signal transmission. One is Baseband and the other is Broadband cable.
It is a 50 ohms resistance cable that is capable of digital transmission. Used in short distances for optimum performance.
It is a 75 ohms resistance cable used for analog data transmission. It is used up to 100 km.
Based on Radio Gauge (RG) standards, there are two types of Coaxial cables:
Thicknet: RG 8, RG 9, RG 11 coaxial cable is also known as Thick Ethernet or 10Base5 systems. 10 means, it is 10 Mbps speed and 5 refers to 500 meters distance between nodes or repeaters. Where Base indicates that the transmission type is a &#;Baseband transmission&#;
Thicknet cabling uses heavier gauge coaxial cable than Thinnet.
Thinnet: RG 58 Coaxial cable is used 10Base2 systems. 10 means 10mbps speed and 2 refers to 200 meters distance between nodes or repeaters.
Optical Fiber Cable
It also is known as fiber optic cable consists of strands of one or more fibers inside the casing and its assembly is similar to electrical cable.
Optical fiber has three parts
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It is the inner layer is called the core, with refractive index n1. Light is guided in this part. The core will have a higher refractive index than cladding.
which surrounds the core, with refractive index n2. Whose refractive index is less than the core? The purpose of cladding is to keep the light reflections in core instead of being reflections.
Which is an outer layer for protecting the cable from damages.
There are two types of optical fibers, glass, and plastic. Plastic fiber is used for short communication. Optical fiber transfers data at the speed of light in the glass.
Optical fiber cable uses light pulses instead of electrical pulses to transmit data. The potential hazard of Infrared red light used in telecommunications cannot be seen by the naked eye.
Optical fiber cable comes in single-mode or multimode connections.
The single-mode allows only one mode of light to transmit at a time through the core, which makes for higher bandwidth.
Single-mode fiber optic, the number of light reflections in the core is less resulting in low attenuation and allowing data to travel further, faster. Single-mode provides the lowest losses in communication.
Multimode connections have a larger core diameter. It allows multiple wavelengths of light transmitted in multiple paths at once.
Multimode connections are used over shorter distances as signal attenuation will be more, the data transfer rate is slow as a number of reflections in the core are more.
Source: Data Communication and computer networks by ISRD group, a McGraw-Hill edition.
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When using this technology on industrial control cables, we should understand the relevant components of the industrial control cable, only need to determine the specific components.
In order to use industrial control cables, that can be combined with the requirements of industrial control cables, and ensure the corresponding use effect.
In general, the main components of industrial control cables are leads and, of course, corresponding insulation materials.
In the transmission process, a large amount of information is basically transmitted through the wires inside the industrial control cable, so it is an indispensable product in society, especially for some enterprises, the industrial bus industry is needed in the processing and production process.
However, when using industrial control cables, specific features should be clear.
1 It can meet the needs of many electrical appliances.
In the process of manufacturing industrial control cables for industrial buses, the relative standards of various information in the process of propagation are fully considered.
Thereby ensuring the daily work of the industrial control cable and meeting the performance of multiple electrical appliances.
This is a very important issue in the characteristics of industrial bus control cables, which should attract the attention of consumers.
2 It has an anti-interference function.
In the process of information dissemination, noise interference and loss are important factors leading to information distortion.
Therefore, industrial control cables for industrial buses use special processing techniques in the manufacturing process.
In this way, the anti-interference ability of the self can be relatively strong, especially for important information, which can play a very good protection role.
3 When we understand the characteristics of industrial bus industry control cables, there is another important factor, that is, the corresponding length is easier to observe.
In the daily use process, in the process of using the relevant industrial control cable, the specific location can be visually inspected to clarify their needs, ensure the demand for industrial control cables, and reduce the corresponding errors.
4 The industrial control cable is basically an underground cable.
Which has strong wear resistance and good corrosion resistance, prolongs the service life of the industrial control cable, and ensures the overall quality of the industrial control cable.
Therefore, consumers, when they understand the advantages of industrial control cables, should be fully considered to meet their own needs.
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